As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).
That it matchmaking is particularly strong from inside the Shenzhen
Full, in addition to supportive proof good dyadic replace, especially in Shenzhen, we and find supportive research to have sector change, while the migrants will wed an area partner (we.e., to create hukou intermarriage) as his or her education grows. The results strongly recommend a high odds of hukou locality-knowledge change to own non-college-knowledgeable migrants inside the Shenzhen than in Shanghai, but the same odds of hukou area-training change in these several urban centers having college or university-educated migrants, which supports Theory 3 that the lower odds of hukou area-degree exchange in the Shanghai, compared to the Shenzhen, keeps having low-college-educated migrants but not to own university-experienced migrants.
Predicated on Model 5 out of Dining table 2 and you can Contour dos , regional spouses’ training is not associated with the their log-probability of hukou locality intermarriage, hence matchmaking will not differ between them locations
Up to now, i’ve thought simply intermarriage ranging from residents and you can migrants, versus pinpointing ranging from a couple hukou products. Within our try, locals are mostly urban hukou holders while migrants primarily keep outlying hukou in metropolises. Specifically, from inside the Shanghai, regarding 85% of locals but only about 20% regarding migrants have metropolitan hukou. From inside the Shenzhen, the locals keep urban hukou, however, no more than 35% out-of migrants is actually metropolitan hukou owners. The scientific change out of hukou style of ranging from locals and you can migrants indicates a chances of hukou variety of change contained in this inter-hukou-area ine if hukou type of has an effect on our very own abilities.
Basic, we take a look at the brand new shipping off hukou method of certainly one of intermarriages off hukou area. Once the found inside Contour A1, more 1 / 2 of the fresh new partners where a few spouses differ inside the hukou locality function homogamy regarding hukou sort of. This really is in line with past results that every Chinese e hukou style of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & He, 2014). A great gender asymmetric pattern out-of hukou interong people of a migrant spouse and you may a local spouse, only eleven% was outlying-husband-urban-wife couples while 86% are urban-husband-urban-partner partners. Having said that, certainly people where in actuality the husband are an effective Shanghai regional citizen and also the wife was an effective migrant, 45% are urban-husband-rural-partner lovers. This means that, whenever women having Shanghai hukou wed migrants, they tend to marry metropolitan migrants, whereas dudes which have Shanghai hukou just who marry migrant feminine will wed outlying migrants. For the Shenzhen, this gender trend is faster noticable: 26% of migrant-husband-local-wife couples provides an urban spouse and you will a rural spouse, whereas several% of local-husband-migrant-spouse lovers include a metropolitan spouse and you may a rural wife. These types of conclusions advise that within the Shanghai relationships markets, each other hukou area and you may hukou style of framework intermarriage patterns, however in Shenzhen hukou style of looks shorter very important. They then aids all of our conclusions regarding the hukou hindrance being stronger for the ilmainen turkkilainen online dating sites Shanghai compared to Shenzhen.
Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? Shenzhen*hukou homogamy =?0.42, p shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p
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