Aside from the masculine suffix -ec, that has been above mentioned of the Vidovic-Muha (), the study and additionally refers to brand new Slovenian male suffix -ar
The initial area of the paper is about this new derivation from women and you can male nouns for procedures during the English and Slovenian. The analysis implies that the new dominating version of feminine nouns in the both dialects comes to derivation thru affixation, when you are English comes with the compounding. Masculinatives try uncommon in dialects; he is generally designed in terms of professions which were typically noticed part of the female fields. The fresh new suffix is not energetic but may still be present in the phrase babicar (‘male midwife’) Gutter dating profil overskrift. The top difference between the 2 languages is that latest English is apparently leaving the application of gender-designated versions (apart from this new rare feminatives you to continue to be), whereas into the Slovenian, since evidenced by corpus analysis, the effective use of feminatives is rising. The explanation for it asymmetry was rooted in that English keeps a near low-existent grammatical gender program, and in most cases spends a similar terms and conditions to describe an excellent man or woman employed in a particular community. Hence, when it comes to feminine referents making use of women nouns is becoming well-known, as the use of male simple models is on the newest refuse.
The corpus research implies that the difference ranging from masculine and you will female nouns to have procedures are typically shown because of the investigating their collocators, semantic tastes, and you may semantic connections (Sinclair 1996 and you will Philip 2010).
Slovenian nouns denoting procedures has actually clear referents regarding gender, and their modern fool around with – confirmed from inside the corpora – suggests an obvious interest on contract ranging from grammatical and you may physiological genders
The new collocators away from English male and women nouns into the checked specialities (actress/star, policewoman/cop inside the waiter/waiter) indicates that it show some semantic surroundings: relevant professions; towns and you will land of occupation; individual brands; terms outlining the grade of their work; plus the regular tips of this career. Certain particular associative significance are revealed if we examine the brand new collocators discussing person faculties and look. Brand new feminatives often co-exist having phrases to possess stereotypically feminine characteristics and you can character (in addition to sexual
connotations). That is prior to Caldas-Coulthard and you can Moonlight (2010), whom describe such as for example asymmetries with stereotypes away from gender, sexualization of females, including as we grow older and you may conduct.
Slovenian male/women pairs getting specialities inform you comparable results. Away from semantic liking, we are able to observe phrases regarding normal steps; regular urban centers and you can land; associated procedures; character traits; and look. Yet the corpus investigation as well as inform you specific tall differences. Brand new sets from Slovenian masculine and feminine nouns writing on professions are going to be split up into a couple of communities. The original you to definitely comprises sets which can be semantically similar and you will stylistically un), once the pairs on the 2nd category try susceptible to (an amount of) semantic narrowing and you will stylistic establishing.
A prototype with the basic group is the few zdravnica/zdravnik (‘female/men doctor’), both of that may co-can be found with terms talking about the sort of performs, typical strategies and you will relevant procedures. The feminine nouns such sets is actually stylistically unmarked. A comparable end would be reached to the sets sodnica/sodnik (‘female/male judge’) and you may vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj (‘female/male preschool teacher’), but with good caveat. The type of the two sodnica/sodnik overlap about industries off legislation and you will recreation; although not, the data in addition to mirror the fresh personal status of job – the first positions (age.grams., constitutional judges) are still mostly kepted for men. The two vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj can be defined as a good borderline instance anywhere between designated and you can unmarked meaning. This new corpus investigation strongly recommend an amount of semantic narrowing and stylistic marking: the definition of “teacher during the students dorm” describes men, given that use of adjectives (diligent feminine and you may strict guys) factors to gender stereotyping.
Lascia un commento